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Reference table

Proto, qualitative and statistical personas compared

Table comparing three kinds of user persona, proto, qualitative and statistical, by what each is built from and when to use it.
Start with a proto-persona if you have to, then replace it with interview-based personas within 8 weeks. Source: Nielsen Norman Group, three types of personas

Three kinds of user persona side by side. Proto-personas come out of a short team workshop and are only a starting hypothesis. Qualitative personas come from 15 to 30 interviews per segment and suit most product teams. Statistical personas add survey analysis on top and fit large or regulated businesses. The three tiers follow Nielsen Norman Group.

Where this appears

What's in this reference table

Persona typeBuilt fromBest for
Proto-personaA 60-minute team workshop, with no researchAligning a team with no shared view of the user, until research replaces it
Qualitative persona15 to 30 user interviews per segmentThe right default for almost every product team
Statistical personaSurvey data, with cluster, factor or conjoint analysis, on top of qualitative patternsEnterprise or regulated industries, or defending persona decisions to a CFO

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