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The four defining features of the Delphi method

What separates a true Delphi study from asking some experts

Framework showing the four defining features of the Delphi method: anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback and statistical group response.
If a study lacks any of these four, it is not a Delphi study. Source: Olaf Helmer and Norman Dalkey, RAND Corporation

The Delphi method is a structured way to reach expert consensus, developed at the RAND Corporation in the 1950s. Four structural features set it apart from simply asking experts what they think: anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback and a statistical group response. Use this as a checklist when you design a panel study or judge one you are reading.

Where this appears

What's in this framework

  1. Anonymity: Experts never know whose answer is whose, so ideas are judged on merit.
  2. Iteration: Several rounds give experts repeated chances to refine their views.
  3. Controlled feedback: Between rounds, an anonymized summary shows the median and spread.
  4. Statistical group response: The result is a median or mean and its range. Dissent stays visible.

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