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The Echo, Boomerang and Columbo interview techniques

Three ways to reply to participants without putting your words in their mouth

Framework showing the Echo, Boomerang and Columbo techniques for replying to participants without leading them in interviews and usability tests.
Three neutral ways to keep the participant talking Source: Nielsen Norman Group

The Echo, Boomerang and Columbo are three replies moderators use when a participant asks a question or makes a vague remark. The Echo repeats their last words as a question, the Boomerang hands their question back, and the Columbo has you play less expert so they explain in their own words. Use it as a cheat sheet before running interviews or usability tests. In Koji you can write the same rules into each question's probing instructions for the AI interviewer.

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What's in this framework

  1. Echo: Repeat the participant's last word or phrase with a slight questioning tone, so they explain what they meant.
  2. Boomerang: Send their question back as a neutral one, such as "What would you do if you were on your own?"
  3. Columbo: Play a little less expert than you are. Start a question and let it trail off so they finish the thought.

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<p>Source: <a href="https://www.koji.so/visuals/echo-boomerang-columbo-interview-techniques">The Echo, Boomerang and Columbo interview techniques</a>, Koji</p>